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military services had acquisition plans for the V-22. On, Bell Boeing was awarded a US$1.714 billion contract for the V-22 by the U.S. The USMC variant received the MV-22 designation, and the USAF variant received CV-22 this was reversed from normal procedure to prevent USMC Ospreys from having a conflicting CV designation with aircraft carriers. Boeing Helicopters manufactures and integrates the fuselage, cockpit, avionics, and flight controls. Bell Helicopter manufactures and integrates the wing, nacelles, rotors, drive system, tail surfaces, and aft ramp, as well as integrating the Rolls-Royce engines and performing final assembly. Production work is split between Bell and Boeing. The JVX aircraft was designated V-22 Osprey on 15 January 1985 by that March, the first six prototypes were being produced, and Boeing Vertol was expanded to handle the workload. Since this was the only proposal the JVX program received, a preliminary design contract was awarded on 26 April 1983. Bell partnered with Boeing Vertol to submit a proposal for an enlarged version of the Bell XV-15 prototype on 17 February 1983. Contractors were encouraged to form teams. Interest was expressed by Aérospatiale, Bell Helicopter, Boeing Vertol, Grumman, Lockheed, and Westland. A request for preliminary design proposals was issued in December 1982.
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The JVX combined requirements from the USMC, USAF, Army and Navy. The Navy and USMC were given the lead in 1983. The Office of the Secretary of Defense and Navy administration opposed the tiltrotor project, but pressure from Congress had a significant effect on the program's development. This potential merger was akin to a proposal by President Truman following World War II. Because the USMC's amphibious capability would be significantly reduced without the CH-46, USMC leadership believed a proposal to merge the Marine Corps with the Army was a credible threat. The USMC's primary helicopter model, the CH-46 Sea Knight, was aging, and no replacement had been accepted. The established tactical purpose of the USMC is to perform an amphibious landing, which the JVX program promised to facilitate. Department of Defense began the JVX aircraft program in 1981, under U.S. Army leadership, with the intent to create a craft that could fill these tactical roles. Airborne solutions with high speed and range allow for their rapid dispersal to reduce this vulnerability. military a need for "a new type of aircraft, that could not only take off and land vertically but also could carry combat troops, and do so at speed." Additionally, a concentrated force is vulnerable to a single nuclear weapon. The failure of Operation Eagle Claw, the Iran hostage rescue mission, in 1980 demonstrated to the U.S. Navy began using the CMV-22B for carrier onboard delivery duties in 2021.ĭevelopment Early concept illustrations of V-22 Origins Since entering service with the Marine Corps and Air Force, the Osprey has been deployed in transportation and medevac operations over Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Kuwait. Air Force (USAF) fielded its version of the tiltrotor, the CV-22B, in 2009. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) began crew training for the MV-22B Osprey in 2000 and fielded it in 2007 it supplemented and then replaced their Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knights. The V-22 first flew in 1989 and began flight testing and design alterations the complexity and difficulties of being the first tiltrotor for military service led to many years of development. The Bell-Boeing team jointly produces the aircraft. A partnership between Bell Helicopter and Boeing Helicopters was awarded a development contract in 1983 for the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) initiated a program to develop an innovative transport aircraft with long-range, high-speed, and vertical-takeoff capabilities, and the Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) program officially began in 1981. The failure of Operation Eagle Claw in 1980 during the Iran hostage crisis underscored that there were military roles for which neither conventional helicopters nor fixed-wing transport aircraft were well-suited. It is designed to combine the functionality of a conventional helicopter with the long-range, high-speed cruise performance of a turboprop aircraft. The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey is an American multi-mission, tiltrotor military aircraft with both vertical takeoff and landing ( VTOL) and short takeoff and landing ( STOL) capabilities.